Question : A question was asked about whether or not Muslims should congratulate non- Muslims during the latter’s festivals (a‘ayad).

Fatwa in Brief: It is illegal to congratulate non-Muslims during their religious festivals. In so doing one shares in sin, and [their] corruption.

The Permanent Committee, 313/3

See Shaykh Sa‘id ‘Abd al-‘Azim, www.alsalafway.com

Response:

There is no harm in congratulating non-Muslims with whom you have a family relationship, or that are neighbours of yours. Regarding their festivals, however, do not participate in the rituals (tuqus) of Christians, or those in a similar religious category [i.e. non-Muslims].

Commentary:

In two verses from the Holy Qur’an the nature of relationships between Muslims and others are laid down (Q. 60:8-9). These verses apply directly to the polytheists and idol-worshippers (mushrikin wa’l-wathaniyyin)

“Allah forbids you not, with regard to those who fight you not for (your) Faith nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them: for Allah loveth those who are just”.

“Allah only forbids you with regard to those who fight you for (your) Faith, and drive you out of your homes, and support (others) in driving you out, from turning to them (for friendship and protection). It is such as turn to them (in these circumstances), that do wrong”.

These two verses distinguish between, on the one hand, the peaceful (musalamin) and, on the other hand, the warriors (muharibin). Regarding the peaceful [non-Muslims], the law recommends behaving justly with them, this, in turn leads to charitable and kind dealings. On the other hand, the second verse forbids loyalty to the warriors. This is because they have taken Muslims as enemies, have fought with them and have driven them out of their homes.

The two Shaykhs [i.e. Bukhari and Muslim] report a hadith in which Asma’ (r.a.) the daughter of Abu Bakr, came to the Prophet (upon him be peace) and said: “O Messenger of God, my mother has come to me, and she is a polytheist (mushrika), and she wants to remain in contact with me, should I stay in touch with her?” The Prophet (upon him be peace) replied, yes, stay in touch with your mother. This hadith is agreed upon.

[We note that] This is the Prophet’s attitude towards a polytheist (mushrika); however, Islam’s approach to the People of the Book [i.e. to Jews and Christians] is known to be more lenient. Indeed, the Qur’an permits Muslims to be the dinner companions of Jews and Christians, and [even] to marry them. Obviously, in the latter case, an affectionate relationship is required. Further [as mentioned already], motherhood privileges a woman in her role over her children. The children [of a non-Muslim mother] will congratulate her on her festival days, and behave well towards her. The generous Prophet (upon him be peace) advises us “to treat people kindly” [lit: “with strong ethics”). He said “treat people”, and not just Muslims with kindness.[1]

Hence, if someone congratulates a Muslim during one of their feast, we are to respond to his greeting with a better, or at least an equal greeting. For God Almighty says:

“When ye are greeted with a greeting, [you should] return [this] with a better, or at least an equal greeting”. (Q. 4:86.)

Another motive to respond to the non-Muslim’s greeting is that, if Muslims want to call them [the non-Muslims] to Islam - which is an obligation upon all Muslims – one’s relationship with them should obviously be cordial. While in Mecca, the Prophet (upon him be peace) was well-mannered, and polite to the polytheists of the Quraysh. He behaved like this despite the fact that they wished to hurt him, and were plotting against him and his Companions. Indeed, he was so polite and decent with them that they trusted him with their valuables (wada‘i’). So, there should be nothing to prevent a Muslim from congratulating them verbally, or through letters that do not involve religious words or symbols. [This should not be difficult as] The greetings used to congratulate on such occasions do not normally pertain to religion; instead, they involve well-known complimentary messages. Likewise, there is also nothing to prevent a Muslim from accepting a present from non-Muslims, and [even] rewarding them for it. The Prophet (upon him be peace) accepted presents from non-Muslims. Hence, he accepted a gift from (among others) al-Muqawqas, the greatest of the Copts in Egypt. Likewise, we may accept presents on the condition that they are not forbidden by God, such as alcohol and pork.[2] Regarding days set aside for national and social festivals, such as Independence Day, Children’s Day, Mother’s Day, and so on, a Muslim is free to congratulate non-Muslims at these times. If he is a citizen in this country, he is even free to participate in them, as long as he avoids the illegal acts that may occur during these occasions.

Dr. Yassir ‘Abd al-‘Azim